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The feat is remarkable because stem cells have the unique ability to both self-replicate and transform into other cells with different functions. The study reveals how scientists used lab-produced stem cells to form a living, breathing mouse from a developing embryo. Perhaps what is even more surprising is that the genes facilitating this stem cell division and specialization were previously believed to be confined only within animals and not present in single-celled protists from a billion years ago. “The molecular tool kit of stem cells is much older than we thought previously. These molecular tools are older than animal stem cells themselves,” noted Ralf Jauch, a study author and a renowned stem cell biologist at the University of Hong Kong.